The validator APY calculation is conceptually the same as the Delegator APY% in terms of calculating and using stake-weighted rewards. Noise is also filtered out by only taking into account validators who have been active for the whole time window.

A validator’s total rewards take into account their commissions from voting rewards, block production fees (base fees and priority fees), and commissions from MEV extracted through Jito if applicable.

APY%=validator’s rewards per stake in SOL×365d×24h×60m×60stime period in seconds\text{APY}\% = \frac{\text{validator's rewards per stake in SOL} \times 365_{\text{d}} \times 24_{\text{h}} \times 60_{\text{m}} \times 60_{\text{s}}}{\text{time period in seconds}}

On the 1d time period, the APY takes into account the rewards received for the last 3 days to smooth out the noise given Solana’s staking rewards schedule, which is every epoch (~2 days).