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Global parameters

This part of the page is composed of a series of screens which help users navigate the present and historical states of the Ethereum infrastructure layer, in the highest level of aggregation.

The Network Health and Reward Reference Rates sections of the Network page.

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Network health metrics

A collection of high level metrics that point to the current state of the network’s consensus layer.
  • Global effectiveness: An aggregation of the effectiveness ratings of all active network validators, on an average basis. Learn more about the methodology that powers the validator effectiveness metric via Rated Effectiveness Rating
  • Inclusion delay & Participation rate: Learn more about the definitions of those parameters via the Ethereum section in the docs
  • Missed blocks: The number of missed blocks observed in the network in absolute and percentage terms (over all the blocks produced)
All metrics in this view are sensitive to the time window toggles to the top right.

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Rewards reference rates

A collection of reference rates of return, aggregated across the whole validator active set.
  • Network APR%: The rate of return that the average validator has earned in the time period toggled.
  • Consensus Layer APR%: The APR% apportioned exclusively to Consensus Layer rewards.
  • Execution Layer APR%: The APR% apportioned exclusively to Execution Layer rewards.
  • EL : CL global rewards: The aggregate ratio of Execution Layer to Consensus Layer rewards earned from all the network’s validators. Referencing the screenshot below, this implies that in the time frame toggled for every 2 ETH earned from the EL, network validators in the aggregate earned 8 ETH from the CL.
The parameters that govern the APR% calculations here are the same as in APR%. All metrics in this view are sensitive to the time window toggles to the top right.

The Validator Set Overview and State of Network Balances sections of the Network Overview page.

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Validator set overview

A collection of metrics regarding the current state of the network’s active set.
  • Active validators: The sum of all validators in “active” state (post-activation queue and attesting) on the network, as captured at the last refresh of the RatedDB.
  • Activation queue length: The time that it might take for a validator’s stake to pass through the activation queue, as of the last discrete hour mark. Learn more via Activation queue length.
  • Exit queue length: The time that it might take for a validator to pass through the exit queue, as of the last discrete hour mark. Learn more via Exit queue length.
  • Withdrawal queue length: The maximum time that it might take for a validator to pass through the exit queue and withdrawal processing queue, as of the last discrete hour mark. Learn more via Withdrawal queue length.
The metrics in this view are NOT sensitive to the time window toggles, and represent the current state of the network.

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State of network balances

A collection of metrics regarding the state of ETH balances and flows as they relate to the infrastructure layer of the network.
  • Active stake: An expression of the “active set” in terms of “active balances.”
  • Average validator balance: The “active balance” and consensus layer rewards earned, averaged out across all validators currently active on the network.
  • Rewards distribution: The distribution of rewards earned across the consensus and execution layers of the network. To learn more about how we separate MEV from priority fees, please refer to Baseline MEV computation.
  • Network Gini coefficient: A measure of inequality across the highest level of entity aggregation on the Ethereum network. Learn more about the methodology that powers this metric via Gini coefficient measurement.
All metrics in this view are sensitive to the time window toggles, EXCEPT the Gini coefficient.

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Activations and Exits

This section of the page illustrates the state of the activation and exit capacity, as well as the distribution of entities taking up the two capacities’ respective bandwidths in the time-frame toggled.

The Activation and Exit Capacity Utilization section of the Network Overview page.

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Computing bandwidth

The churn capacity for a given period is calculated by first getting the per epoch average number of active validators and their total stake for that period. We then take this number and divide it by the churn limit quotient which is 2**16 (65,536) to get the churn limit per epoch. We then add the churn limit per epoch for all epochs in a period to get the churn limit for the whole period. The stake of activated and exited validators for the specific period is then divided by the period’s churn limit to get the churn capacity filled. To get the total stake balance of validators exited or activated over a period, we use the exit_epoch or activation_epoch of each validator as determined by the Beacon Chain as reference. We then add up all the validators and their stake which have these reference epochs that have already passed for a given period.

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Breakdown of capacity utilization distribution

The methodology for this set of views is mostly the same as the general churn capacity calculation. The additional step is breaking down the activated and exited validators according to the pool they belong to. If they do not fall under any pool, they are labeled accordingly under unidentified validators. For a clearer visualisation, we removed the unfilled capacity to better see the breakdown of pools.

To view the validator activation distribution by entity, you can click the expand button

The Capacity Utilization Breakdown view of the Network Overview page.

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Client distribution

The Consensus Client Distribution (left) and Execution Client Distribution (right) on the Network Overview page.

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Consensus Client Distribution

This is the percentage distribution of consensus clients across the body of validators that make up the whole network.
In order to produce consensus client distribution statistics for validator keys and across entities we are using blockprint, an open source client classifier. Please note that the results that blockprint produces have a relatively wide statistical confidence interval.

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Execution Client Distribution

This is the percentage distribution of execution clients across the body of validators that make up the whole network.
This execution client distribution statistic is sourced from Ethernodes.

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Geographic Distribution

This map shows the latest global geographic distribution of all validators in the Ethereum network. Toggling the “world” icon changes this to show the distribution of the validators run by professional entities which builds off our work in classifying solo stakers in Ethereum.

The Geo Distributions of those run by professionals (left) and all validators (right). "World" toggle highlighted. Click to switch between views.

In order to produce these mappings, we used our in-house peer-to-peer networking layer probe. This allows us to pinpoint IP addresses of nodes, and resolve those addresses to their geographical locations and other network metadata.
We are actively building features on top of this dataset. If you are interested in learning more and using these features for yourself, get in touch via hello@rated.network.

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Hosting Provider Distribution

The Hosting Provider Distributions of those run by professionals (left) and all validators (right).

This graph shows the market share of hosting service providers across Ethereum validators. In order to produce this distribution, we used our in-house peer-to-peer networking layer probe. This allows us to pinpoint IP addresses of nodes, and resolve those addresses to their hosting service providers and other network metadata.
We are actively building features on top of this dataset. If you are interested in learning more and using these features for yourself, get in touch via hello@rated.network.